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Consultant:Adapting the Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) approach to Fragile and Pastoralist Contexts , Nairobi, ESARO

Nairobi

  • Organization: UNICEF - United Nations Children’s Fund
  • Location: Nairobi
  • Grade: Consultancy - Consultant - Contractors Agreement
  • Occupational Groups:
    • Social Affairs
    • Environment
    • Water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH)
    • Civil Society and Local governance
    • WASH (Water, Sanitation and Hygiene)
  • Closing Date: Closed

The objective of this consultancy is to develop a user-friendly guideline, with a concise theory of change, for effective use of the CLTS approach in pastoral and fragile communities for use by UNICEF countries in the ESAR

UNICEF works in some of the world’s toughest places, to reach the world’s most disadvantaged children. To save their lives. To defend their rights. To help them fulfill their potential.

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TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR INDIVIDUAL CONTRACTORS/ CONSULTANTS

 

PART I 

Title of Assignment

Adapting the Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) approach to Fragile and Pastoralist Contexts

Section

WASH ESARO

 

Location

Home-based work; travel to some country offices is required.

 

Duration

Sixty (60) days spread over three (3) months

 

Start date

From:    1/11/2018                   

    To:  15/02/2019  

           

 Background and Justification

Open defecation has devastating consequences on public health. Faecal contamination of the environment and poor hygiene practices remain a leading cause of child mortality, morbidity, undernutrition and stunting, and can potentially have negative effects on cognitive development. Poor sanitation can also be a barrier to education and economic development, with women and girls often particularly vulnerable to the consequences of poor sanitation services. The multiple adverse effects of poor sanitation show how Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6.2 underpins and will be crucial to achieving many other SDGs, including those related to nutrition, health, education, poverty and economic growth, and gender equality. It is against this background, UNICEF works towards the progressive realization of the human rights to water and sanitation with a focus on priority interventions for children. Ending open defecation by 2030, paying special attention to the needs of women and girls and those in vulnerable situations, is at the heart of the SDG 6.2 targets for sanitation and hygiene. Between 2015 and 2030, at least 60 million people need to stop practicing open defecation every year to meet that target. UNICEF's commitment and ambition to meet this challenge are stronger than ever.

In the Eastern and Southern Africa Region(ESAR), progress in sanitation has been slower compared with that of drinking water. The region is home to some of the countries with the lowest rates of access to improved sanitation in the world. Eight of the twenty-six “high burden” countries for open defecation in the world are found in ESAR. These countries either have more than five million people defecating in the open or more than 50 per cent of the population defecating in the open. The high burden countries constitute the UNICEF’s ‘open defecation game plan countries’. The open defecation game plan counties in ESAR are Ethiopia, Angola, Mozambique, South Sudan, Eritrea, Kenya, Tanzania and Madagascar. To end open defecation, these countries will be targeted with additional support over the next four years, to accelerate or sustain the annual reduction rates in open defecation. These countries represent a broad range of contexts including low-income,middle-income and ‘fragile states’.

There is a clear regional trend of increasing numbers of forcibly displaced individuals in recent years in ESAR due to frequent natural disasters and prolonged conflicts. In 2015, an estimated 12.4 million people were internally displaced by pre-famine conditions, violence and conflict, with South Sudan among the top 10 countries affected. Over 2 million South Sudanese who sought refuge in Ethiopia, Kenya and Uganda are leaving in camps. In Somalia, clusters of villages are known to be uprooted during recurrent pre-famine or drought conditions. The 2018 humanitarian needs overview highlights that over 2.1 million people were internally displaced including over 1 million people in 2017 alone. The mass population displacements resulting from these factors create conditions for the spread of AWD / cholera along the routes of displacement or in camps for displaced persons and refugees. The spill over effects of these outbreaks into host communities have resulted in major outbreak across multiple countries in the region. In Somalia, the displacement into open defecation free communities has been identified as the main reason for slippage.

The Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) approach, being an innovative methodology for mobilising communities to completely eliminate open defecation (OD), has spread exponentially in more than 70 countries globally. Field experiences suggest a wide variation in the quality and scale of implementation of CLTS in countries. In ESAR, CLTS approaches have been applied in many rural areas in creating demand for sanitation. However, experience in pastoral communities, urban settings which are mostly home to internally displaced and fragile communities has been limited or not documented.

Alluding to the the SDG’s call to leave no one behind, this consultancy will seek to adapt the CLTS approach in fragile communities to ensure open defecation reduction at scale. In pursuit of open defecation reduction at scale, the consultancy will identify the conditions  that must be in place for the goal to be achieved and how these relate to one another for achieving and sustaining CLTS in fragile communities. 

Scope of Work 

Working in the context of fragility and displacement, require considerable attention to process and outcome analysis involving stakeholders at different levels, to assess:

the enabling environment and appropriate institutional perspectives;

  1. community dynamics and human resource capacity to steer implementation at scale; and
  2. beneficiary and stakeholder understanding and execution modalities of the CLTS process in fragile context
  3. sustaining the new behaviour on return to their places of origin.

The theory of change is expected to provide the basis for identifying what type of activity will lead to the outcomes, as the preconditions for achieving the long-term goal. Through this approach the precise link between activities and the achievement of the long-term goals will be fully understood. 

Goal and Objective:   

Goal: Reduced open defecation through adaptation of CLTS at Scale in fragile communities. 

Objectives 

The objective of this consultancy is to develop a user-friendly guideline, with a concise theory of change, for effective use of the CLTS approach in pastoral and fragile communities for use by UNICEF countries in the ESAR 

  1. Provide details/reference to AWP areas covered:

This assignment is directly related to the WASH output 240R/A0/10/801/004/008 and Annual Work Plan Activity 5 Provide technical support to COs to accelerate access to basic sanitation/hygiene services, and movement up the sanitation/hygiene service ladder (inc. Global OD Game plan; market shaping; sustainability) 

  1. Activities and Tasks:    

  • Critically review the existing CLTS approach guidelines in the light of implemetation in pastrolist and fragile contexts.
  • Consult widely with the WASH teams and key CLTS stakeholders, hygiene and sanitation working groups, develop a tailored, user friendly CLTS guideline for  pastoralist and fragile contexts
  • To develop community (fragile and pastoral) engagement package for scaling up sanitation and hygiene with in the overall framework of hygiene and environmental health strategy
  • Provide the community facilitators guidance on sustaining the new behaviour, in the case of refugees and IDPs, on return to their places of origin.
  • Develop guidelines to local authorities including clan and religious  leaders in pastoral and fragile communities for improved coordination in scaling-up  of sanitation and hygiene in the communities.  
  • Develop an inception report; to be presented to ESARO WASH team. The inception report will include: an outline of the theory of change (model), methodology for data collection, and the timeline for the completion of the consultancy and develop the PowerPoint slide deck

  

  1. Work relationships: 

    The consultant will work closely with WASH staff in the regional office and country offices. Where required the consultant would also need to liaise with government staff of line ministries and hygiene and sanitation technical working groups or similar working groups where they exist.The consultant will work under supervision of the WASH Specialist (Hygiene and Sanitation) and in close consultation with the WASH Specialist (WASH Knowledge Management).   

    Outputs/Deliverables:  

    The consultant is expected to deliver:

  1. Inception report. Including an outline of the final methodology, proposed approach, time frame and method of data collection and analysis, write report and develop Power Point slide deck.
  2. Draft/summary report of all consultations carried out in target countries with photos and list of persons consulted)
  3. Finalized consultancy report. and an annotated PowerPoint slide deck.
  4. Work closely with the WASH Specialist (knowledge management) for the design a publishable field / guidance notes  

 

Task / Deliverables

Duration

(Estimated # of days)

Timeline

Payment Instalment

Review of methodology, proposed approach, time frame and method of data collection and analysis

 

Final methodology and detailed work plan presented and approved.

5-days

2nd week November

 

 

25% paid by 22 November

Onsite consultations with UNICEF WASH teams at Regional & six Country Offices

 

·       Summary report of all consultations carried out

·       Fragile and pastoral community engagement package for scaling up sanitation and hygiene developed

 

·       Facilitators guidance on sustaining the new behaviour for refugee / IDPs

 

·       Guidelines to local authorities for improved coordination for sustaining and scaling-up

28 days

 

3rd week Nov to 2nd week Dec.

 

 

50% Paid 22nd Dec

 

 

Prepare draft report and powerpoint presentation for comments.

 

·       Draft report received and approved

15 days

 

3rd Week Dec to 2nd Week Jan.

 

 

25% paid in 15 February

·       Finalized full report and short version of not more than five pages (summary report) 

·       Prepare draft layout of the field notes

12 days

3rd Week Jan to 4th week Jan

 

Payment will be made on the acceptance of deliverables by UNICEF. After delivery of each draft, UNICEF is expected to reply to the consultant with comments within one weeks.  The report needs to be of publishable quality. 

Payment Schedule 

Payments will be made in three (3) instalments upon completion of deliverables as shown in the table above.  

Desired competencies, technical background and experience  

  1. University Degree in a WASH-related discipline, with orientation to WASH issues in developing and humanitarian context and a focus sanitation (P3-NOC Level)
  2. In-depth understanding on CLTS programming
  3. Strong knowledge and understanding of the work of the UNICEF sanitation and hygiene programming, more so WASH programmes in the ESAR region
  4. Excellent planning and facilitation skills
  5. Good interpersonal and communication skills
  6. Ability to establish and maintain strong and effective working relationships
  7. At least 5 years of related work experience, including experience in humanitarian and development contexts.  
  8. Excellent command of English (both oral and written)
  9. Significant demonstrable experience of producing high-quality analytical reports and presentations.

     

    Administrative issues / Travel 

    The ESARO WASH section will provide access to information and country level contacts and will be accessible via email or in person throughout the contract period. Progress meetings will take place virtually or face-to-face at least once every month.

    The consultant will be provided with office space, working materials and information resources. Consultant will be expected to provide his/her laptop.  and appropriate office equipment, including IT services.

    Tentative travel plans are shown in the table below, subject to revision after the inception phase.

     

Planned travel to

Timeframe

Duration

(travel days inclusive)

All Inclusive Travel Cost (Quote in US$)

Ethiopia – Refugee camps

Month 2-3

5 days

 

South Sudan – POCs

Month 2-3

5 days

 

Uganda – Refugee/pastoral  

Month 2-3

5 days

 

Burundi – Resettlement

Month 2-3

5 days

 

Angola

Month 2-3

5 days

 

Somalia – IDP camp / pastoral

Month 2-3

5 days

 

Total

-

-

 

 

Conditions

As per UNICEF DFAM policy, payment is made against approved deliverables. No advance payment is allowed unless in exceptional circumstances against bank guarantee, subject to a maximum of 30 per cent of the total contract value in cases where advance purchases, for example for supplies or travel, may be necessary.

The consultant selected will be governed by and subject to UNICEF’s General Terms and Conditions for individual contracts. 

The consultant will be expected to provide his/her own office space and equipment, although office space can be provided in ESARO on an ad-hoc basis when required. 

All applicants must submit an all-inclusive financial proposal to carry out the deliverables above.

This vacancy is now closed.
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